Jacob Brown
The New York City Department of Health is warning about an increase in a potentially deadly bacterial illness transmitted by rats, urging both healthcare providers and the public to remain vigilant.
While cases of human leptospirosis in the city remain limited, there has been a noticeable uptick, with six cases reported so far this year. In 2023, the city recorded 24 cases, the highest annual total.
Transmission and Symptoms:
The infection is primarily associated with exposure to rat urine-contaminated environments, such as soil, water, and trash bags. Symptoms can range from fever and headache to more severe complications like kidney failure and respiratory distress.
Leptospirosis is treatable with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can lead to severe health issues. Clinically, cases often present with acute renal and hepatic failure, with a median age of 50 and a higher incidence among males.
Environmental Factors and Climate Change:
Factors such as excessive rain and unseasonable warmth, possibly linked to climate change, may contribute to the persistence of the bacteria. The bacteria’s survival is limited in dry heat or freezing temperatures.
Many cases occurred during warmer and wetter months, particularly June and October, coinciding with heavy rain and warm days.
Leptospirosis can also be life-threatening for dogs, although transmission to humans is rare. Recent cases prompted an investigation and the closure of a Brooklyn dog park.
Diagnostic Testing and Reporting:
Diagnostic testing is available, including PCR on blood, urine, and serologic testing, with blood tests offering the fastest detection. Cases must be reported to the city health department promptly.
New York lawmakers are considering humane measures to address the rat population, including rat birth control and restrictions on glue traps. A recent rule mandates businesses to use lidded trash bins to mitigate rodent infestations.
